Lateral / medial rotation - refers to motion of the inferior angle relative to the chest wall (often as an integral part of upper limb elevation and lowering)
Muscles producing protraction
Serratus Anterior:
Situated over the lateral surface of the thorax between the ribs and the scapula
From the outer surfaces of the upper 8 or 9 ribs in the mid axillary line
to the costal surface of the medial border of the scapula
Its lower part interdigitates with the external abdominal oblique
N.S. : Long thoracic nerve (C5, 6 and 7)
Muscles Producing Protraction
Pectoralis Minor:
Thin, flat muscle found on the anterior aspect of the chest deep to pectoralis major
From the outer surfaces of ribs 3, 4 and 5
To the upper and medial aspects of the coracoid process
NS: Medial pectoral nerve (C6, 7 & 8)
Muscles Producing Retraction
Rhomboid Major & Minor
Found deep on posterior thoracic wall
Arise from
R.Minor - Spinous processes of C7 & T1 and supraspinous ligament
R. Major - Spinous processes of T2 to T5 and supraspinous ligament
Both attach to the dorsal surface of the medial border of the scapula (Min. at root of spine of, Maj. below min. as low as inferior angle)
NS: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Trapezius
Large flat muscle overlying posterior thorax & neck - Functionally divided into upper (elevation), middle (retraction) & lower (depression)
From
Medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line
External occipital protruberance
Ligamentum nuchae
Spinous processes & supraspinous ligament of C7 to T12
To
Posterior aspect of lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Medial aspect of acromion process
Superior border spine of scapula
Root of spine of scapula
NS: accessory nerve (cranial XI) and ventral rami of C3, 4 & 5
Muscle Producing Elevation & Depression
In addition to the UFT Levator scapulae also brings about elevation (deep to UFT)
From tendinous slips from posterior tubercles on transverse processes of C1-4
To upper medial border of scapula (between superior angle and root of spine)
